Political thought and social reformIranian1833–1908
Mirza Malkam Khan Nazem al-Dowleh was an Iranian political thinker, writer, and one of the most influential intellectuals of the Qajar period. He played an important role in promoting reformist ideas, constitutionalism, and modern political concepts in Iran. He founded the newspaper Qanun and contributed to the intellectual background of the Constitutional Movement.
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