A Lecture by Iraj Shahbazi on Fallacies

Thinking correctly and speaking accurately and precisely is the duty of every truth-seeking, perfection-seeking human being. Anyone concerned with living ethically must be careful to avoid sophistry and fallacy, both when explaining, reasoning, and proving, and when defending. To achieve this goal, it is good to study at least one good book about "fallacies" and become carefully acquainted with the methods of fallacy and sophistry, thus preventing ourselves from being deceived and refraining from deceiving others. In this lecture, I have introduced twenty important fallacies to you, dear friends, in very simple language:

1) Equivocation

2) Vague Terms

3) Essence and Accident

4) False Cause

5) Exaggeration

6) Equivocation (Dissimulation)

7) Quoting Out of Context

8) Blocking the Path of Reasoning

9) Every Schoolchild Knows

10) Poisoning the Well

11) Trapping

12) Appeal to Ignorance

13) Pedantry

14) Quantification

15) Value-Laden Words

16) Appeal to Emotion

17) Demagoguery

18) False Authority

19) Motivated and Motive

20) Straw Man

Most of the content of this lecture is taken from the valuable book "Fallacy" by Professor Ali Asghar Khandan. I am very grateful to Ms. Yeganeh Izadjoo, who introduced me to this book. I hope that this lecture and this book will draw friends' attention to the important issue of "fallacy" and that, in this way, the general atmosphere of our society will move, more than ever, towards transparency, frankness, and honesty.

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Audio of Iraj Shahbazi's Lecture Titled Fallacy

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Lecture by Iraj Shahbazi

Subject: Fallacy

Lecture Venue: Soroush Molana Cultural Institute

Lecture Date: Year 1390

Lecture Duration: 39 Minutes

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