Historiography, Sociology, and Philosophy of HistoryTunisian
Man is the child of his customs and his character, not the child of his nature and his race.
Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406 CE) was a Muslim historian, sociologist, and philosopher of history recognized as a pioneer and founder of sociology and the study of human civilization (ʿumrān). Through his masterpiece, the *Muqaddimah*, he elucidated the scientific laws governing social transformations, group solidarity (ʿaṣabiyya), and the cyclical rise and fall of civilizations. The impact of his thought on critical historiography and the social sciences has secured him a distinguished place in the history of human thought.